Examples of How to Use the Data Model
Following are three vignettes that illustrate how the Data Model can be used by
educators, vendors, and researchers. In addition to the vignettes below, this web
page has links to documents containing “use case scenarios” that explain in more
detail the steps that one could take in applying the Data Model in a specific usage
scenario.
Educator
Challenge
An LEA wants to evaluate a proposed education software system to see if it will
contain the range of data needed to perform its stated function.
The LEA also wants to ensure that data definitions in the proposed software are
consistent with definitions in other software systems already in the LEA and in
reports the LEA is required to generate.
Solution
1. Use the Data Model to identify requirements
- An LEA staff person goes to the Data Model Browser tool that is part of the Data
Model Website and runs a query. For example, if the proposed system is a special
education system, the query term might be “program.”
- The staff person also uses the navigation bar to find the entity: supplemental programs.
- The staff person follows the relationship links listed for each entity to find other
entities that the staff member judges to be related to the requirements of the software
system.
- From all of the entities found, the staff person compiles a shorter list of entities
that are directly related to the software system. This list is the “Information
Requirements” for the system.
2. Perform a gap analysis
- The staff member, or the vendor, maps the information in the proposed system to
the Data Model Information Requirements.
- The staff member compares the Information Requirements to the proposed software
system. This is done by using the entity descriptions and attributes for each entity
in the Data Model Information Requirements.
- The staff member summarizes the results in a gap analysis document.
3. Use the Data Model as a canonical conceptual model
- Since the LEA has adopted the Data Model as a standard, all software systems have
been mapped to the Data Model. So the Data Model is a canonical or standard conceptual
model that all physical data models (software designs) refer to.
- A LEA staff member maps the proposed software system to the Data Model.
- During the mapping process, the staff member discovers whether the proposed system
data definitions are consistent with other software systems in the LEA. This is
possible because the Data Model data definitions represent the definitions used
in LEA.
Vendor
Challenge
A vendor wants to ensure that a new education software system that the vendor is
building has all the “Information Requirements” needed to fulfill the purpose of
the software.
Solution
1. Use the Data Model to identify requirements
- Using the content domain and the education processes addressed by the new software
system, the vendor develops a set of search terms for the Data Model.
- The vendor goes to the Data Model Browser tool that is part of the Data Model Website
and runs a series of queries.
- The vendor compiles a list of entities that are relevant to the functions of the
new software.
- The vendor compiles a list of entities that are relevant to the functions of the
new software.
- The vendor follows the relationship links listed for each entity to find other entities
that the vendor judges to be related to the functions of the new software system.
- The vendor compiles a complete list of entities that are related to the software
system. This list is the “Information Requirements” for the system.
2. Extract a software-specific conceptual model
- Using the entity descriptions, relations and attributes for each entity in the Data
Model Information Requirements, the vendor builds a conceptual model specific to
the new software system.
3. Build logical and physical models
- Using the software-specific conceptual model, the vendor builds a logical model
for the software.
- Using the logical model, the vendor builds a physical model for the software.
- A gap analysis is performed between the software-specific conceptual model and the
physical model to ensure that all Information Requirements have been addressed by
the physical model.
Researcher
Challenge
A researcher or a state department program director is creating a research project
that will use data available in the schools. The researcher wants to know what data
elements are expected to exist now and in the future in school-based software systems.
Solution
1. Use the Data Model to identify requirements
- Using the content domain and the theoretical framework of the research project,
the researcher develops a set of search terms for the Data Model.
- The researcher goes to the Data Model Browser tool that is part of the Data Model
Website and runs a series of queries.
- The researcher compiles a list of entities that are relevant to the research.
- The researcher follows the relationship links listed for each entity to find other
entities that are related to the research project.
- The researcher compiles a complete list of entities that are related to the research.
This list is the “Information Requirements” for the research project.
- Attributes for each entity that are relevant to the research project are also listed.
2. Prepare a research design
- The research can now use the Information Requirements to prepare a proposed research
design.
- The Information Requirements in the research design are investigated for availability
or a plan for collecting the data is developed.
Use Case Scenarios
The documents below contain use case scenarios. Each document takes a specific situation
or scenario and builds a use case or example of usage for the Data Model.
Evaluating a Student Information:
Download, view and print the Guide as a pdf file.
(26 KB)
Using the Data Model to Answer Important Education Questions: Download, view and print the Guide
as a pdf file.
(25 KB)